Currents and types of currents What are they, and what are all the currents that exist in electronics?

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If you want to start working successfully in the Arduino platformit is important that you take into account basic concepts, but they are fundamental in the development of any electronic project. That’s how you should know electronics and electricity go hand in handsince electronics is responsible for allowing the control of electricity to the will of the person.

The basic electricity needed to start interact with Arduino It is very simple, although it never hurts to know some details about it that you may not know. For the operation of a arduino board can develop successfully has to have a power supplyLike any device that take batteries for its operation.

However, the devices cannot be administered with any currentsince previously each of the devices designed has the capacity to withstand up to a certain current voltage. This is how here we are going to explain a little more what this means and what are they all the types of currents that currently exist in electronics, To do this, follow in detail everything that we will teach you next in the post.

What are currents in electronics and what is this data for in device development?

When you talk about electric current reference is made to electric charge flow that crosses a Conductive material during a certain period of time, Usually this is expressed in c/o coulombs per second in the International System of Unitsand this unit is known as Amps (A).

In this way, it can be said that the electric current is the transport of electric charge, said transport is carried out through the electron movement through conductors and semiconductors under the influence of a potential difference. In order for the electric current to be generated, the electrons that are farthest from the nucleus of the atom of a material must detach and circulate freely between them. the atoms of that body.

All this phenomenon can also be generated by variations in nature, as happens when charged clouds release electrons that circulate through the air and cause lightning, mostly these are generated when there is a rain. To be able to measure the electric current it is necessary to use the “Phm’s Law” which uses voltage intensity and electrical resistance.

Most important elements of a stream. Which ones should I pay attention to to work better?

When working with the electric current it is necessary to pay close attention to the most important elements of it, currently it is recommended to know the intensity, the voltage, the direction of the currentamong some other aspects.

This is how we are going to show you each of the most important elements that you should pay attention to in order to work much better on each of your electronic projects:

current direction

It is very important to be able to know what is the direction of the current at the time of having to work with her, in the real sense of the electric current always done circulate the electrons from the negative pole to positive pole ( – > +), but, in the conventional sense to which they circulate is the opposite, this means that they go from the positive pole to the negative pole (+ > -).

All this is because in his time it was not known exactly the existence of electrons, so scientists in the area decided to apply this type of direction of driving. Currently this is one of the most important elements to know when carrying out electronic work.

Intensity

When you talk about electrical intensity reference is made to the electrical charge or current that circulates through an area in the unit of time, this variable is usually named with the letter I (Intensity) and its unit of measurement is the Amp (A). It’s like everyone electrical conductors they must withstand certain amounts of loads, the greater the load, the greater the resistance that the material of which it is composed will have.

Voltage

It means the difference between power or electrical voltage between two points, it is also known in electronics as the number of volts which is used in a electric system.

Currently you can find different types of voltages which we show you below:

Induced voltage: It refers to the force needed to generate electricity.
Alternating voltage: It is the most used voltage and is also known as VA, it usually has positive or negative values and its frequency varies in almost all countries.
Continuous voltage: Considered as the purest form of electrical current, it is used mostly in microprocessors and electrolytic capacitors are used to obtain it.
Forward Voltage: It is currently the most used for motors and batteries, where, thanks to fuses or transformers, this type of voltage can be transformed into alternating current.

If you want to measure the amount of voltage in a circuit, you need to use a device known as “Voltmeter”, but can also be used potentiometers or multimeters for your measurement.

Electric resistance

This refers to the opposition that the current finds through a conductor, this resistance is presented in ohms, In this way the electrons will pass through the electrical circuit in a more or less organized way depending on its type of resistance. In order to obtain the electrical resistance, a ohmmeter.

How is electrical current measured? Main tools used?

If what you are looking for is to measure the electric currentthen this can be done through a circuit where it will be used ohm’s lawwhich was mentioned earlier in the post.

For this it is necessary to apply the following formula:

Intensity = Voltage / Resistance.

In this case the intensity of the current goes to measure in amps, the voltage across volts and resistance in ohms. On some occasions you can find sources of alternating currents that make the result vary constantly.

In the event that this happens, then it is necessary to use tools such as clamp meter or ammeter, any of them will help to get a correct current measurement. In the case of ammeteror is connected in series with the circuit to be measured. So that this does not have too much influence on the circuit to measurethe instrument must cause as little voltage loss as possible.

The other way to do this is through the clamp meter, which is a measuring instrument for alternating current that is designed as a clamp that is fastened around a current-carrying conductor. In the case of tweezers, a magnetic field around the conducting material that induces a current, which ends up being a measure of current flowing through the subject conductor.

Types of electric current What are all the existing ones and how are they different?

Today you can find different types of electrical currentswhich each of them will allow you to achieve different results, so you should use the one that best suits you. suits your needs.

To do this, follow in detail each of the types that we are going to teach you below:

DC direct current.

It is a type of electric current continuous flow of electric charge through a driver between two points of different potential and charge. It has only one direction of flow circulation, so this does not vary from the positive pole to the negative pole.

To be able to dictate that a current is continuous or not, it will be necessary that its flow does not change direction but always remain fixed despite the elapsed time, so it should always flow in one direction only. While in the case of the intensity can vary as long as the same polarity is preserved.

AC Alternating Current

This type of current is mainly characterized by offering changes over time, so the opposite happens to the previous case. Here changes occur in both direction and magnitude and at regular intervals.

In the case of voltage of the alternating signal will vary between its minimum and maximum of cyclic waywhere half cycle it develops positive and the other half in negativeThis cycle will repeat itself constantly. This type of alternating current is the one that is normally used in the homes, offices and shops to feed everyone Electronic devices with a hertz frequency. the same was developed and promoted by Nicholas Tesla.

Quasi-steady current

It consists of an alternating current of relatively slow changes, whose instantaneous values are affected by the laws of constant currents where they are fulfilled with sufficient precision. These laws are known as the Kirchhoff’s rules, Ohm’s law, among some others. In the case of the current quasi-stationary Like direct current, they present the same intensity of current in each of their sections of an unbranched circuit.

Induction capacity and inductance are taken into account as grouped parameters. industrial streams normal currents are practically stationary, excluding those currents in long-distance transmission lines where the the quasi-stationarity condition along the line.

In this type of current it can be seen how the electromagnetic disturbances propagate throughout the circuit with the speed of light. In this way, in the case of the currents, they will vary periodically. So that you can understand this a little better, we have a current with a frequency of 50Hz so it is almost stationary for circuits up to 100 km long.

sinusoidal current

It is a periodic electric current which represents a function sinusoidal of time, between alternating currentsthe main one is the current, where its value will vary according to a sine law. As for the potential of each end of the conductor it will change with respect to the potential of the other end of the conductor alternately from the positive pole to negative pole and it also varies in direction, passing through all the intermediate potentials including the zero potential.

The result of all this provides a current that changes direction continuously, this means that when moving in one direction, it increases reaching a maximum that is called amplitude valuethen decreases until at a point becomes equal to zero, to then increase again, but this time in the other direction and also reach its maximum value. It will eventually decrease to go through zero again and then resumes the cycle of all changes.

eddy current

It refers to the closed electric currents in a massive conductor that occur when the magnetic flux that penetrates it changes, in this case the eddy currents are considered as induction currents. The faster the process of changing the magnetic fluxthe stronger the eddy currents will be.

Due to the existence of eddy currents it leads to an effect on the skin, which means that alternating electric current and magnetic flux propagate mainly in the surface layer of the conductive material.

The eddy current of conductors leads to energy losses, mainly in the cores of the alternating current coils. In order to be able to or try to reduce energy losses due to eddy currents, it will be necessary to use the division of alternating current magnetic circuits on separate plates isolated from each other and located perpendicular to the direction of the currents parasites.

When this separation occurs, it limits the possible contours of their paths and greatly reduces the magnitude of these electrical currents. When there are very high frequencies, magneto – insulators instead of ferromagnets for magnetic circuitswhere due to resistance eddy currents they cannot be produced.

high frequency electrical current

A high-frequency electric current consists of an alternating current from a frequency of about tens of kHzwhere phenomena such as skin effect or electromagnetic radiation they become more significant.

In the event that the wavelength of the alternating current radiation becomes comparable with the dimensions of the elements of the electrical circuit, they would be violating the condition quasi stationarythis will require some special approaches for the design and calculation of the circuits.

single phase current

It is formed by a single alternating current or phase as it is also known, therefore the entire voltage varies in the same way. Refering to single-phase distribution of electricity are generally used when there are loads for lighting, heating and for small electric motors.

Triphasic current

triphasic currents They consist of a set of three single-phase alternating currents of equal amplitude and frequency, but these present a phase difference between them of 120° electrical and they are in a certain order. Each of these single-phase currents is designated by the name of the phase.

This system has a number of benefits such as the following:

It has a performance elevated in receiversmainly engines where the three-phase line feeds with constant power.
has an economy in their power transmission lines and in the transformers used, so it gives a big advantage with this.

In the case of power plants, they usually use generators triphasic, because connections to the electrical network must be triphasic excluding for low power plants. In this way the triphasic are used mostly in the industries where the machines run through three-phase motors.