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Have you heard of LTE? And what about 4G? Of the latter surely yes, right? Maybe if you have searched for information even you have read that they are synonyms or even the same. Isn’t it a bit strange that this is the case?
The technology that concerns us today was born to satisfy the demand for fast and successful data transmissionsomething that became possible at the beginning of the century and that, of course, was such a revolution that something had to be invented with which users could communicate at the rate that the sector offered them resources.
Do you want to know what exactly it is, when you use it, what is its importance and how is it different from 4G? A lot of attention because it is precisely what you will be able to read next.
What is LTE technology and why is it so important in mobile telephony?
Abbreviations LTE refer to the concept Long Term Evolution, or its Spanish equivalent Long Term Evolution. This is a wireless mobile communication standard that 3GPP developed before the end of the first decade of the century. It arrived in our country in 2011 from the hand of Telefónica.
It is designed to enable a transmission of data between mobile devices and other data terminals at a high speed. In other words, it is a mobile nacho band technology. We can say, in fact, that it would be the evolved GSM and UMTS standards.
For its part, it also attends to the demand that both operators and manufacturers were making when it came to finding a standard of less complexity at low cost.
Standard Characteristics
Let’s see what characterizes this technology and what, in turn, it offers us:
- This includes a radio interface based on OFDMA and SC-FDMA access schemes for its downlink and uplink respectively. you get one fairly high spectral efficiency Thanks to this and, in addition, to the inclusion of a application multi-antenna system.
- The spectrum, in general, is of higher quality than in the case of previous networks and considerably more flexible, so that it can be managed more efficiently.
- The technique to treat the voice that is included is that of IP packet switching.
- The Long Term Evolution includes a modulation for easy implementation of MIMO antenna technologies that are involved.
- Duplexing design makes fragmentation is not possible of terminals by offering compatibility with both FDD and TDD.
- We talk about a bandwidth that can be adapted, going from 1.4 to 20 MHz (This point is reached in cases where it is offered by a UMTS operator), with peak speeds of 86.5 Mbps for upload and up to 326.5 Mbps for download in 4×4 antenna systems.
- as you can imagine, offers extremely high bit rates.
- At the same time, its latency is very lowstarting from 10 ms.
- It has the kindness of power operate in different frequency bands; thus, we find it, at present, in the 800, the 1600 and the 2400 MHz.
- It has a design 5 MHz cells that can each be used by up to 200 usersThere are also open interfaces to separate their plane from the control plane. These support extensions of between 100 and 500 km, with degradation occurring for every 30 km of land in a straight line.
- This standard only allows the handover of each base station’s service in its hardest way.
- LTE is compatible with other technologies designed by 3GPP.
Are LTE and 4G the same technology? differences
Indeed, both concepts are used synonymously, although there is a difference between them. And it is that LTE technology is within 4Gnamely, the 4G connection encompasses several technologies, being, one of them, the Long Term Evolution. Others would be CDMA200 UMB or WiMAX.
Thus, we could say that LTE is a type of 4G technology although, if we stick to what would be the definition of 4G connections, we have that LTE is not part of this, although its extended or improved version, LTE Advanced, is. So, yes we can put it in the 4G bag, which leaves room for others.
4G is an improvement over 3G, plain and simple; one more step. LTE is a specific technology which includes everything we have seen previously. Considering this, we have to say that they differ in speed, with 4G being the fastest, as it reaches 1 Gbps in optimal conditions while LTE stays at 300 Mbps in the best case.
What are the main types of LTE networks that exist?
Hold on because so far there are more than fifty types of LTE networks. However, you should not be scared, because these are nothing more than a classification by which the download and upload speeds, the MHz, the location and little else are taken into account; there is no history.
These They correspond to the numbers 0, 1, 2, 3… up to number 67 (except some. The first five were created before the fourth generation of mobile networksback in 2008 (with this we see, again, that LTE and 4G are not the same).
| Category | Maximum speed of descent-ascent | Other features |
|---|---|---|
| 1-1 | Slower than 3G. | |
| 1 either IM T | 10-5 | 2100 MHz. It is used in Asian countries such as South Korea or Japan and in Israel. |
| two either PCS | 50-25 | 1900 MHz. It is exclusive to the US Cellular operator and is its main service. |
| 3 either DCS | 100-50 | 1800 MHz. We find it in Australia, it is very popular in European countries such as Germany, Poland or the United Kingdom, it is included in Asia in South Korea and Singapore. |
| 4 either aws | 150-50 | 1700 MHz. Mainly used in Canada, it is also found in the United States, being a resource of great interest to AT&T, which integrates it into its devices. |
| 5 either CLR | 300-75 | Of 850 MHz. Korea and Israel are the main countries that take advantage of it. |
| 6 | 300-50 | 800 MHz. Normally used in Japan until its replacement. |
| 7 either IMT-E | 300-150 | Of 2600 MHz. It is the most common in our continent and also in Australia. It is also widely used in Russia and Hong Kong and will soon be implemented in many places in Latin America. |
| 8 either E-GSM | 1200-600 | 900 MHz. We see it in Japan, Europe and Latin America. |
| 9 either Japanese UMTS | 450-50 | 1700/1800MHz |
| 10 either Extended AWS blocks AI | 450-100 | 1700 MHz. It was implemented very recently, but with the same conditions as the rest, in Latin American countries such as Uruguay, Ecuador or Peru. |
| eleven either Lower PDC | 600-50 | 1500 MHz. In Japan. |
| 12 either Lower SMH blocks A/B/C | 600-100 | 700 MHz. It is used by US Cellular in the United States exclusively. |
| 13 either Upper SMH block C | 390-150 | 700 MHz. In this case, it is Verizon Wireless who takes care of it, also in the USA. |
| 14 either Upper SMH block D | 3900-1500 | 700 MHz. In the United States. |
| 16 either formerly reserved | 1000-450 | 2600 MHz. Missing. |
| 17 either Lower SMH blocks B/C | – | 700 MHz. For use by AT&T. |
| 18 either japan lower 800 | – | 800 MHz. For Japan. |
| twenty either EU Digital Dividend | – | It reaches 800 MHz. It is used both in Russia and Australia and in several European countries. |
| 23 either S-band AWS-4 | – | Of 2000 MHz. It is designated specifically for Dish Network used in the USA. |
| 25 either Extended PCS blocks AG | – | 1900 MHz. In this case it is for Sprint, also in the USA. |
| 28 either APT plan | – | At 700 MHz. Widely used in Asia and with pre-boost in Latin America. We also see it in Japan, New Zealand or Australia. |
| 29 either Lower SMH blocks D/E | – | At 700 MHz. It does not have a downlink that we receive in the EU; yes issuer servers. It is for AT&T and for DISH, in the USA. With spaced duplex at 3, 5 and 10 MHz. |
| 30 either WCS blocks A/B | – | At 2300 MHz. The EU is an issuer at 2350 – 2360 MHz although it is exclusive to AT&T in the United States. |
And so we could continue. The essence is that you know that these are not classified according to highly differentiated aspects. They are created, more or less, as the need exists and the conditions to implement them are met. Hence, some are exclusive, for example, for a single company.
Thus, we have a total of 67 LTE network categories spread throughout the world; some have a wide extension both geographically and in terms of use by operators and others and some others are, as we have seen, owned by a single company or associates.
Evolution of mobile networks, from 1G to 5G…
mobile networks they occur, obviously, with the appearance of mobile devices, that is, wireless, without the need to use cables, and the possibility of transferring information with them.
The first generation is known -or not so much- as 1G and it’s about the analog telephone system including cablesso that it is not considered, therefore, a mobile network, although it is always worth mentioning it, since it is the great forgotten one.
The second generation is given with GSM network or Group Special Mobile (now called Global System for Mobile Communication), the first designed in a totally digital way. It is ideal for transmitting voice dataie to make calls. For this reason, although it is old, all phones are still compatible with one of the bands it uses (GSM 850, 900, 1800 and 1900).
This is followed by GPRS or General Packet Radio System, considered the 2.5G network. This allows in non-switched data forwarding, an aspect that was a source of problems with the previous one. The speed increases up to 144000 bps from the network to a mobile device. It uses the spaces we do not use by voice.
The net EDGE is the 2.75G, faster than the previous one in relation to the proximity of the antennawhich is achieved through a data modulator system.
The third generation comes with the network UMTSwhich involves carrying out video calls. In addition, the data connection reaches 384000bps. As in the previous case, priority is given to the devices that are closest to the antennas.
The net 3.5G or HSPA greatly increases speed given, in optimal conditions, between the control panel and the device, reaching 14.4 MBit/s. It has two versions that improve speed in both directions.
The LTE Is the network fourth generation protagonist in its Advanced version. Includes Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing technology and overcomes coverage priority issue for nearby devicesI know that it left those far away deprived.
5G is currently being implemented or the fifth generation network. In fact, it will be up to us, in Spain, to retune DTT, since your band will become the channel for it. Has a 100 Mbps capacity, with peaks of 10 Gbps under optimal circumstances and a latency of 1 ms.
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